實驗室索氏提取法測粗脂肪含量原理

脂肪(fang)(fang)測定儀(yi) (又叫脂肪(fang)(fang)測定儀(yi)、粗(cu)脂肪(fang)(fang)測定儀(yi))主(zhu)要(yao)由加熱抽提(ti)，溶(rong)劑回收和冷卻三大部分(fen)組成(cheng)。操(cao)作時(shi)可以根(gen)據(ju)試(shi)劑沸點(dian)和環境溫度(du)不同(tong)而(er)調節(jie)加熱溫度(du)，試(shi)樣(yang)在抽提(ti)過程反復浸泡及抽提(ti)，從而(er)達到快(kuai)速(su)提(ti)取目(mu)的(de)。
應(ying)用(yong)范圍：可(ke)用(yong)于提取糧食(shi)、飼料、油料、土壤(rang)等各(ge)種(zhong)樣品
怎樣用索(suo)氏提取飛提取物質中粗脂肪的(de)含量，包括所用到的(de)儀器、試(shi)劑，實(shi)驗原理，實(shi)驗操(cao)作等等。希望本文對大(da)(da)家有或多(duo)或少的(de)幫助(zhu)(zhu)，同時幫助(zhu)(zhu)大(da)(da)家了解什(shen)么是索(suo)氏提取法。
索氏提(ti)取(qu)(qu)(qu)法原理：脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)肪(fang)是丙三醇（甘(gan)油(you)(you)）和脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)肪(fang)酸結合成的(de)脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)類化合物，能(neng)溶(rong)(rong)于脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)溶(rong)(rong)性有(you)機溶(rong)(rong)劑中。而(er)本實驗用(yong)(yong)的(de)重量(liang)法，利(li)用(yong)(yong)脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)肪(fang)能(neng)溶(rong)(rong)于脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)溶(rong)(rong)性溶(rong)(rong)劑這一特性，用(yong)(yong)脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)溶(rong)(rong)性溶(rong)(rong)劑將脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)肪(fang)提(ti)取(qu)(qu)(qu)出來，借蒸發除去(qu)溶(rong)(rong)劑后稱量(liang)。整個提(ti)取(qu)(qu)(qu)過程均在索氏提(ti)取(qu)(qu)(qu)器中進(jin)行(xing)。通常使用(yong)(yong)的(de)脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)溶(rong)(rong)性溶(rong)(rong)劑為(wei)(wei)已(yi)醚或沸點為(wei)(wei)30℃-60℃的(de)石(shi)油(you)(you)醚。用(yong)(yong)此法提(ti)取(qu)(qu)(qu)的(de)脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)溶(rong)(rong)性物質(zhi)除脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)肪(fang)外(wai)，還含有(you)游離脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)肪(fang)酸、磷酸、固醇、芳香(xiang)油(you)(you)及某些(xie)色(se)素(su)等(deng)，故稱為(wei)(wei)“粗(cu)脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)肪(fang)"。
實(shi)驗中(zhong)要到的材料、試劑和(he)(he)器材分別是(shi)：全脂(zhi)奶粉，已醚(mi)（脂(zhi)溶性(xing)溶劑）和(he)(he)粗(cu)脂(zhi)肪測(ce)定(ding)儀或者是(shi)粗(cu)脂(zhi)肪測(ce)定(ding)儀。已醚(mi)是(shi)易燃性(xing)有機溶劑，所以我們在實(shi)驗中(zhong)應保持實(shi)驗室通風，同時禁止任何明火(huo)。
索(suo)氏(shi)提(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)取(qu)(qu)(qu)法(fa)現(xian)在已成(cheng)為Z為普(pu)遍的測(ce)定(ding)粗脂(zhi)肪(fang)(fang)含量的實驗室方(fang)法(fa)。索(suo)氏(shi)提(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)取(qu)(qu)(qu)器(qi)是由提(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)取(qu)(qu)(qu)瓶(ping)、提(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)取(qu)(qu)(qu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)、冷凝(ning)器(qi)三(san)部分(fen)組成(cheng)的（圖)，提(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)取(qu)(qu)(qu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)兩側分(fen)別有(you)虹吸(xi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)和連(lian)(lian)接(jie)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)。各(ge)部分(fen)連(lian)(lian)接(jie)處要嚴密不(bu)能漏氣(qi)。提(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)取(qu)(qu)(qu)時，將待測(ce)樣(yang)品(pin)包在脫脂(zhi)濾(lv)紙包內，放入(ru)提(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)取(qu)(qu)(qu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)內。提(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)取(qu)(qu)(qu)瓶(ping)內加入(ru)石油醚(mi)，加熱(re)提(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)取(qu)(qu)(qu)瓶(ping)，石油醚(mi)氣(qi)化，由連(lian)(lian)接(jie)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)上(shang)升進入(ru)冷凝(ning)器(qi)，凝(ning)成(cheng)液(ye)(ye)體(ti)滴入(ru)提(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)取(qu)(qu)(qu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)內，浸(jin)提(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)樣(yang)品(pin)中的脂(zhi)類物質(zhi)。待提(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)取(qu)(qu)(qu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)內石油醚(mi)液(ye)(ye)面達到yi定(ding)高度，溶(rong)有(you)粗脂(zhi)肪(fang)(fang)的石油醚(mi)經(jing)虹吸(xi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)流(liu)(liu)入(ru)提(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)取(qu)(qu)(qu)瓶(ping)。流(liu)(liu)入(ru)提(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)取(qu)(qu)(qu)瓶(ping)內的石油醚(mi)繼續(xu)被加熱(re)氣(qi)化、上(shang)升、冷凝(ning)，滴入(ru)提(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)取(qu)(qu)(qu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)內，如(ru)此(ci)循(xun)環往復，直到抽提(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)為止。在實驗室多采(cai)用(yong)脂(zhi)肪(fang)(fang)提(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)取(qu)(qu)(qu)器(qi)(索(suo)氏(shi)提(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)取(qu)(qu)(qu)器(qi))來提(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)取(qu)(qu)(qu)、脂(zhi)肪(fang)(fang)提(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)取(qu)(qu)(qu)器(qi)就是利(li)用(yong)溶(rong)劑回流(liu)(liu)及虹吸(xi)原理，使固體(ti)物質(zhi)連(lian)(lian)續(xu)不(bu)斷地被純溶(rong)劑萃取(qu)(qu)(qu)，既(ji)節約溶(rong)利(li)萃取(qu)(qu)(qu)效率又高。因此(ci)，受(shou)到了廣大實驗同行的青睞。